Idaho standards alignment

• 9-12.GOV.7

  Covered

  Describe limited government within the Constitution, including: • Checks and balances • Popular sovereignty • Rule of law • Federalism • Separation of powers • Judicial review • Majority rule and protection of minority rights

  Covered by

  • US Constitution 101: The Document That Builds the Government
  • State vs Federal Power: How American Government Is Divided
  • US Civics 101: How American Government Works

  • · US Constitution 101, Lesson 6 · Separation of powers and checks & balances
  • · US Constitution 101, Lesson 7 · Federalism: state and federal power
  • · State vs Federal Power, Lesson 1 · What is federalism, and why split power at all?
  • · US Civics 101, Lesson 4 · The courts and judicial review (Marbury v. Madison)

  Note: The standard's list — checks and balances, popular sovereignty, rule of law, federalism, separation of powers, and judicial review — is taught directly through the Constitution course and Marbury v. Madison.

• 9-12.GOV.34

  Partially covered

  Describe the powers of United States’ Congress, including appropriations, declaration of war, commerce, implied powers, confirmations, necessary and proper clauses, and powers of impeachment and oversight.

  Covered by

  • State vs Federal Power: How American Government Is Divided
  • US Constitution 101: The Document That Builds the Government

  • · State vs Federal Power, Lesson 2 · Three kinds of power: enumerated, implied, reserved
  • · State vs Federal Power, Lesson 3 · The enumerated powers: Article I, § 8 (the Necessary and Proper Clause)
  • · State vs Federal Power, Lesson 6 · Concurrent powers: what both levels share
  • · State vs Federal Power, Lesson 7 · McCulloch v. Maryland (1819): implied powers and supremacy
  • · US Constitution 101, Lessons 3-6 · Articles I-III and checks & balances

  What we do and don't cover: The commerce power, implied powers, and the Necessary and Proper Clause are taught by name through the enumerated/implied/reserved taxonomy and McCulloch v. Maryland; the appropriations, war, confirmation, impeachment, and oversight powers are not each a dedicated unit, so this is partial.

• 9-12.GOV.43

  Partially covered

  Explain the functions, powers, interactions, and dynamic relationships among federal, state, local, and tribal governments including the roles of the 10th Amendment, McCulloch vs Maryland, Gibbons vs. Ogden, and evolution from dual federalism to cooperative federalism.

  Covered by

  • State vs Federal Power: How American Government Is Divided

  • · State vs Federal Power, Lesson 1 · What is federalism, and why split power at all?
  • · State vs Federal Power, Lesson 2 · Three kinds of power: enumerated, implied, reserved
  • · State vs Federal Power, Lesson 3 · The enumerated powers: Article I, § 8 (the Necessary and Proper Clause)
  • · State vs Federal Power, Lesson 6 · Concurrent powers: what both levels share
  • · State vs Federal Power, Lesson 7 · McCulloch v. Maryland (1819): implied powers and supremacy

  What we do and don't cover: Federalism, the Tenth Amendment's reserved powers, and McCulloch v. Maryland are taught by name; the tribal-government dimension, Gibbons v. Ogden, and the dual-to-cooperative-federalism evolution are not, so this is partial.

What we don't claim

A standards page is only worth reading if the omissions are honest too. We looked at these and left them out:

• Mathematics — Common Core adopted as the Idaho Core: nothing claimed. Idaho adopted the Common Core State Standards for mathematics as the Idaho Core, but this catalog does no mathematics instruction, so it meets no Idaho mathematics standard.
• Science — Idaho's OWN 2018 standards (revised NGSS/climate language): deferred, not aliased. Idaho did not adopt the Next Generation Science Standards verbatim. During its 2016-2018 review, Idaho notably revised and removed climate-change and human-impact language from the NGSS-derived standards, so Idaho's HS Earth and Space Science standards are its own, not a byte-for-byte NGSS republication. Our rule is verbatim-or-nothing, so — unlike NGSS-verbatim states, which reuse the shared NGSS mapping — we do NOT alias the shared NGSS framework here and DEFER Idaho's science standards rather than cite text we have not confirmed matches. The catalog's climate/resource content (resources, hazards, and climate shaping human activity) would map to Idaho's Earth and Space Science standards; that is deferred, not denied.
• English/Language Arts — Idaho reorganized away from Common Core, so NOT aliased. Idaho adopted the Common Core for ELA as the Idaho Core, but the current (January 3, 2022) Idaho Content Standards for English Language Arts/Literacy reorganized the standards entirely: the Common Core RH/RI/WHST strands and codes no longer exist, and grades 11/12 are organized under Reading Comprehension, Vocabulary Development, Research, Writing, Oral and Digital Communications, and Grammar and Conventions strands with Idaho's own codes. Aliasing the shared Common Core ELA framework would misrepresent Idaho's standards as codes it no longer uses, so we transcribe Idaho's own verbatim literacy standards in the id-literacy framework above.
• Idaho's own state structure is taught more fully than any one code captures. Idaho Civics teaches the 1889 Constitution, the separately elected plural executive (Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Secretary of State, Controller, Treasurer, Attorney General, and Superintendent of Public Instruction), the nonpartisan-election judiciary and its Idaho Judicial Council vacancy process, the 35-district citizen Legislature, and the initiative, referendum, and recall reserved to the people — from Idaho's own sources. 9-12.GOV.45 (state and local government per the Idaho Constitution) hosts most of it, but Idaho's specific direct-democracy tools and judicial-selection design have no code of their own beyond that state-government benchmark.
• Tribal governments and dual citizenship of American Indians (9-12.GOV.20, 9-12.GOV.44). Idaho's American Government course carries a dedicated benchmark on the dual citizenship of American Indians (9-12.GOV.20) and on tribal sovereignty and the federal trust responsibility with emphasis on Idaho's federally recognized tribes (9-12.GOV.44). Idaho Civics teaches Idaho's state and local structure but not tribal government, so these are not claimed. The gap is in the course, not the standards.
• The Political Economy cluster (9-12.GOV.26-29) and the Economics course (9-12.EC.1-19). Idaho's American Government course includes a Political Economy cluster (free enterprise, market rules, taxation, and the Federal Reserve's monetary policy) and a separate high-school Economics course (9-12.EC.*). This catalog's economics content is world-history commodity economics (value chains, trade barriers, market vs. traditional economies) rather than U.S. political economy, public finance, or personal finance, so we do not claim the Political Economy benchmarks or the Economics course.
• The political-science and history-of-government benchmarks we checked and rejected. 9-12.GOV.1 (Enlightenment thinkers and classical influences on the Founding), 9-12.GOV.2 (the Declaration and grievances as named content), 9-12.GOV.4 (the Constitutional Convention, Great Compromise, and ratification debate), 9-12.GOV.5 (the Federalist Papers Essays 10 and 51 and the Anti-Federalist Papers), 9-12.GOV.10 (democracy vs. republic), 9-12.GOV.11 (shared American values), 9-12.GOV.12 (the Declaration's definition of ideal government), 9-12.GOV.14 (comparing political ideologies), 9-12.GOV.15 (federal and state roles in the Civil Rights Movement), 9-12.GOV.25 (the 14th-Amendment case list — Plessy, Roe, Dobbs, Loving, Obergefell, Brown, etc.), 9-12.GOV.31 (the census, redistricting, and Baker v. Carr), 9-12.GOV.32 (legislative leadership positions), 9-12.GOV.36 (executive departments and the administrative state), 9-12.GOV.42 (judicial philosophies — originalism, textualism, activism), 9-12.GOV.53 (reapportionment and redistricting), and 9-12.GOV.56-59 (comparative political systems, U.S. foreign policy, and the international system) — the courses do not genuinely teach these, or teach them too thinly to claim, so we do not claim them.